mantis308,
We like the same paragraph.
The abridged version:
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There is a 9% chance that a "major depression" ... will occur when there is a stock-market crash.
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And major depressions are almost sure to have stock-market crashes (our data show the probability is 92%).
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For their methodology:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123612575524423967.htmlThe authors purposely ignore the cause of depressions, but look only for correlations, They pay special attention to stock market declines correlated to depressions.
They bring up the interesting correlation of wars to depressions, then dismiss it,
Considering the 1917-21 post-WW I depression and the post WW II, 1946, recession, wars are pretty correlative and maybe Afghanistan and Iraq shouldn't be dismissed because they were not global. They were substantial to the U.S.
GDP is always used as a reference to depressions. It is unusable in wartime and in comparing a wartime economy to a peacetime economy because during wartime it is inflated by all kind of non-productive activity,... er rather, destructive activity.
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Sometimes correlations will point to causes. What were the causes of previous and current depressions? I'll throw these ideas, off the top of my head, for the sake of argument and correction:
* Current depression was caused by over-investment in housing that proved to be non-productive.
* 1946 wasn't a new depression or even a recession. The decline in GDP was a result of GDP measuring wealth destruction of war as "domestic product." It should have been subtracted, not added.
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* 1929-1946 The Great Depression was caused by over-investment in the stock market. Returns were dependent on a greater fool rather than wealth creation. So returns ultimately couldn't support the debt used to purchase stocks. Elsewhere, weather caused investments in farms to turn non-productive.
Monetarists would say it was a lack of liquidity. I would say that a lack of liquidity was not the real cause, but the result.
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1920-21 Depression was caused by European hyperinflation???
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1907-1908 Panic: cause? San Francisco Earthquake? Run on banks following failed attempt to corner copper market?
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1893 Worst Depression in US history.
*(1870-1890) number of farms grew by 80%. Nationwide ~29% of farmers were mortgaged. Mechanization caused increases in production which caused a decline in prices resulting in insufficient income for debt service on a lot of farms.
I thought this was interesting:
http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/whitten.panic.1893